Print10 Best Places to Harness Solar Power
Today’s solar cell technology has its roots in the early days of America’s space program, when in 1958, NASA launched the solar-powered Vanguard I satellite.
Solar power technology has become more efficient. But the cost is still two to four times more than other energy sources.
10. The Netherlands
Most solar energy in The Netherlands comes from solar cells on rooftops. This power replaces electricity that individuals or businesses would otherwise buy from their local utilities. The Netherlands must now meet the European Union’s April 2009 directive that its member countries purchase 20 percent of their energy from renewable sources, such as solar power, by 2020.
Renewable purchase requirements, as opposed to targets, have proven effective in encouraging solar power.
9. France
France’s feed-in tariffs and tax credits have been very successful in encouraging solar power and developing solar power industries.
France has emphasized research and development in solar panels, recently adopted new feed-in tariffs for solar cells on large commercial buildings and established a tax credit on solar cell equipment, says the International Energy Agency.
Most solar power in France is produced from small installations connected to the power grid.
But it established national goals for the construction of large solar cell plants like the new one in Narbonne, located in southwestern France.
8. Australia
With its large land mass and remote locations, most of Australia’s solar power comes from solar cells that are not connected to the power grid.
Off-grid uses include non-domestic applications such as the water pump in the middle of the desert near Alice Springs in central Australia.
Australia is not high on the list because it has “not added significant solar cell capacity since 2006 and has really bad market development strategy,” says Sven Teske, a lead spokesperson on solar power for Green Peace International.
According to the International Energy Agency, the most effective national support for encouraging solar power in Australia has been the doubling of a residential grant for small scale solar cell installations.
7. Italy
Italy has feed-in tariffs and new building requirements that require the installation of solar cells.
“Italy may be the first country to obtain grid parity for solar,” says Teske.
At its simplest level, this will allow easier connection by solar producers to the power grid and encourage additional solar power.
According to the European Photovoltaic Industry Association, Italy has the potential to become one of the strongest markets for electricity produced from solar cells because of the sunny climate and available land.
6. South Korea
South Korea’s solar cell capacity more than doubled in 2007, according to the International Energy Agency.
About half of this power is produced from centralized plants that sell electricity to utilities for resale to households and businesses.
The solar power plant in Sinan, in southern Korea, is Asia’s largest power plant.
South Korea has set national goals to achieve a low carbon society and to develop its solar industry.
According to the International Energy Agency, South Korea views the solar cell industry as a major target for economic growth for exports.
5. China
China leads the world in solar water and heat with about two-thirds of the total.
Applications include space heating from properly placed windows and hot water systems that use collectors and a storage tank.
Because solar water and solar heat are not reported with other data, China does not show up in solar power production or installed capacity data. In addition to its solar water and heat use, China also is now the world leader in solar panel manufacturing; it overtook Japan in 2008.
Other major manufacturers of solar cells are Germany, Japan and the United States.
4. United States
Through the Department of Energy, the United States is a leader in funding solar power research and development.
It also is one of only two countries in the world that has existing large scale concentrating solar power, says Yasmina Abdelilah, a solar energy analyst with the International Energy Agency.
The warm sunny climate in the southwestern United States provides a favorable location for concentrating solar power, which uses heat to power electric generation.
But thus far only 1 percent of all renewable energy in the United States, itself only about 7 percent of total consumption, is solar.
Solar power has grown primarily from state support. California, the leading state, has a limited form of feed-in tariff, as well as a 20 percent renewable purchase requirement.
There has been federal action, for example, to expand tax credits for solar hot water installation.
But the federal government has not adopted a national renewable purchase requirement, currently something that is under consideration in Congress, or feed-in tariffs, which policymakers deem to be unworkable in the United States due to the way electricity is regulated.
3. Japan
Japan has set a goal of developing the technology to increase solar cell efficiency, which refers to the rate that electrons inside solar cells get knocked off of atoms when hit by photons.
Japan wants to increase the current 10 percent to 15 percent rate to 40 percent through government subsidies and field tests.
Japan has numerous solar power tax and subsidy programs intended to create solar cell industries.
Its “long-term industry strategy behind the development of solar cell technology is quite unique,” says Teske.
Japan’s plan to become a low carbon society includes a target increase in solar cell produced electricity ten fold by 2020 and forty fold by 2030.
2. Spain
With a new mandated feed-in tariff pricing structure in 2007, Spain’s solar power capacity from solar cells grew in 2008 five times that of the prior year, according to an International Energy Agency report.
This increase in solar cell capacity placed Spain ahead of Japan.
The favorable tariff encouraged construction of many large “solar farms” like those in La Salana, Milagro, and La Magascana, Spain.
Spain also has a favorable climate for concentrating solar power production.
Spain, along with the United States, has implemented large scale power generation from concentrating solar power.
1. Germany
Germany has had a very successful experience with the feed-in tariff.
This pricing structure has consistently supported growth in solar cell capacity since 2004, says the International Energy Agency.
Germany’s commitment has led not only to increased solar power use and installed capacity but to the growth of solar industries such as silicon wafers and solar cell equipment.
Historically, Germany has strongly emphasized technological development.
Its focus on solar power “has its roots in the nuclear movement” and its conscious commitment “to move away from nuclear and search for alternatives,” says Teske.
Together, the government, through supports and commitment to technology, has proven successful in encouraging solar power.
Source: Discovery
